Tag: environment

  • Smarty plants

    Smarty plants

    Why their memory and communication matter for our health

    Plants can “remember”

    Plants have a kind of memory. For example, sunflowers track the sun throughout the day, return to their starting position at night, and anticipate sunrise even in total darkness. Similarly, albizia tree leaves open and close in rhythm with daylight cycles, continuing their movement even when placed in a dark environment.

    Certain species of seeds have been shown to “remember” the daylight conditions their parent plants experienced, which determines when they germinate. In some cases, these memory-driven adaptations last for decades, helping to ensure survival in specific environmental conditions.

    Plants as timekeepers

    Beyond memory, plants also display a remarkable ability to measure time. Some seeds require specific night lengths to trigger germination, demonstrating an internal biological clock. For instance, begonia seeds will not sprout unless nighttime darkness falls below a particular threshold.

    Other plants, like bamboo, seem to take timekeeping one step further. Certain varieties bloom and die in synchronization across the globe despite growing in different conditions. This finding suggests an innate, built-in calendar that spans years or even decades.

    Plants communicate through chemical signals

    Perhaps the most fascinating discovery has been that plants “talk” to one another (and to other organisms) through chemical signals. When attacked by herbivores, plants release airborne compounds that act as distress signals, warning neighbouring plants to activate their defenses. Some even enlist the help of insects. When under threat, certain plants emit chemicals that attract predatory insects to eliminate their attackers.

    Many plants use specific chemical compounds to attract pollinators. Some even mimic pheromones or give off scents resembling rotting meat to trick insects into visiting. Others, like the skunk cabbage, generate heat to amplify their scent and attract pollinators.

    What this means for us

    Understanding plant “intelligence” can reshape the way we interact with nature. Here’s how these findings can be applied in practical ways.

    Better nurturing and relating to plants

    If plants are capable of memory and communication, how we care for them matters. Recognizing their ability to respond to environmental cues can help us cultivate healthier, more resilient plant life.

    Designing healthier spaces

    Urban planners are increasingly implementing research that suggests green spaces improve air quality, reduce stress, and enhance well-being. They’re betting that urban environments that integrate plants with known adaptive behaviours into their designs can benefit residents in multiple ways.

    Creating therapeutic environments

    The presence of plants has been shown to lower anxiety and boost mood. Understanding plant behaviour could inform how we design healing spaces, such as hospitals and therapy rooms.

    As plant research continues, we may uncover even deeper insights into their cognitive-like abilities. Recognizing plants as active participants in ecosystems, not just as resources, can help us create more sustainable, healthy, and harmonious environments for both humans and plants alike.

    By Adam Meyer

    Article Courtesy of Alive Magazine
  • Homegrown garments

    Homegrown garments

    Homegrown garments

    Bringing textiles back to the land

    Contrary to appearances

    You wouldn’t know it to look at them, but our standard wardrobe picks leave a carbon-emissions wake larger than the aviation and shipping industries combined. Churning out the latest jeans or moisture-wicking shirts en masse takes a whole lot of water, chemicals, and underpaid labour—realities that go unseen by most of us in North America.

    Harder to ignore, since no body or waterway can escape it, is the problem of microplastics pollution caused in large part by polyester’s growing ubiquity in clothing.

    Consumers are purchasing at five times the rate they did two decades ago and tossing at a rate of one garbage truck every second. Not exactly a recipe for a livable planet or a fulfilling way to relate to our goods.

    Weaving an alternative

    Fibresheds are a response to this. Like a watershed, a fibreshed is a network of producers and processors supplying their region with local and sustainable garment materials.

    Pioneered in California in 2011, fibreshed organizations now exist across the US, Canada, Europe, and beyond. Everyone from shepherds, flax growers, and spinners to natural dyers, mill owners, and designers are collaborating to build a sustainable garment system that develops local livelihoods and stewards the air, land, and water.

    Tailored approach

    “Fibre,” under this model, might be linen (from flax), hemp, cotton, silk, hides, wool, or any other plant or animal material appropriate to the place and conducive to a “soil-to-soil” cycle. At this smaller, more intentional scale, seed varieties and animal breeds can be chosen for local hardiness and compatibility with the bioregion.

    Cultural fabric

    Fibresheds also help develop the deep repositories of skills and knowledge required to grow natural fibres and turn them into usable textiles. There is a need for infrastructure (small-scale mills, for example), and for human experience with different materials and processes―challenges that are best tackled collectively.

    The goal is to have thriving cottage industries and local economies, plus the resilience of knowing how to clothe ourselves sustainably amid whatever environmental, economic, or political disruptions occur.

    What you pay for

    The truth is that this “farm-to-closet” approach doesn’t come cheap. The first step toward affordability is, of course, to consume less. Mending and repurposing are equally essential.

    If you do invest in a wool sweater, linen pants, or a pair of buckskin moccasins made ethically from the land and people of your region, you’re bound to hold that item dear and, chances are, it will be a very long time indeed before you toss it. Even then, it can return to the soil with no harm done.

    by Jackie Skrypnek

    Article Courtesy of Alive Magazine

  • Underwater gardens

    Underwater gardens

    Underwater gardens

    Advocates are taking seaforestation efforts into their own hands

    Nurturing seafood to grow

    The objective of “Chiix̱uu Tll iinasdll: Nurturing Seafood to Grow” project, an initiative aimed at restoring an area of kelp forest in Gwaii Haanas between 2017 and 2021, was collecting urchins to help rectify the area’s unbalanced food chain. Sea otters were important consumers of urchins before their local extinction during the maritime fur trade of the 18th and 19th centuries.

    Without predation, urchins have become hyperabundant, leading to the overgrazing of kelp, an important cultural resource to the Haida Nation, as well as an integral component of the world’s biodiversity and environment.

    Kelp lives near shorelines around the world and helps to nourish and house important underwater life. Much like forests on land, kelp’s photosynthesis process absorbs carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and phosphorous and releases oxygen—an important system in slowing the rate of climate change.

    But the Haida Nation isn’t the only area grappling with kelp loss. More than half of kelp forests worldwide have declined in the past 50 years, jeopardizing coastal biodiversity, water quality, and atmospheric carbon levels.

    An overlooked issue

    Underwater gardens are disappearing at alarming rates due to factors like habitat destruction, overharvesting and overgrazing, and pollution. Other challenges include climate change and sedimentation caused by runoff from deforestation, dredging, or storms. And, while ocean conservation has been around for decades, kelp preservation and restoration are relatively new.

    A 2021 paper published in the Frontiers in Marine Science journal measured the invisibility of kelp forests in international environmental governance. Researchers found that for every mention of kelp forests, seagrass meadows were mentioned seven times, salt marshes 20 times, coral reefs 38 times, and mangroves 43 times.

    A global call to action

    In 2023, The Kelp Forest Alliance launched the Kelp Forest Challenge, a global movement calling on everyone—from individuals to corporations and governments—to join the challenge of restoring 1 million hectares and protecting 3 million hectares of kelp forest habitat by 2040.

    Measures to restore and preserve kelp forests begin with the identification of their causes for decline. Controlling urchin populations or cleaning polluted water and sedimentation can help conserve threatened kelp, while seeding or transplanting baby kelp can aid in the growth of new forests.

    While countries like Japan and Korea have a long history of restoration efforts, and regions like California and Washington state are building conservation and restoration frameworks, to date, the Kelp Forest Challenge is the only conservation initiative that exists at an international level.

    An interconnected system

    In Haida Gwaii, the Haida Nation’s ethics and values serve as their guiding principles. Gina ‘waadluxan gud ad kwaagid, which means interconnectedness—an understanding that everything depends on everything else—serves as an important reminder about the biosphere’s fragility and vulnerability.

    by Alexa Everett

    Article Courtesy of Alive Magazine

  • Calling Dr. Tree, MD

    Calling Dr. Tree, MD

    Calling Dr. Tree, MD

    In 2023, health workers and volunteers planted more than 1,000 trees at Edmonton’s Grey Nuns Community Hospital. It’s all part of a nationwide movement to tap into one of the most well-documented forms of healing medicine: nature, green spaces, and forests.

    Trees are medicine

    Trees for Life, a national organization focused on creating a “healthier, happier Canada by planting native tress where we live, work, and play,” worked with the city in 2023 to plant nearly 20,000 trees across Edmonton, including the ones at Grey Nuns Hospital. Today, the hospital’s staff, patients, and the broader community have access to an enhanced public greenspace.

    It was the charity’s biggest tree-planting project in its history, but it wasn’t just about beautifying an urban space—it’s also the irrefutable evidence of how forests and nature improve every aspect of our general wellness and health.

    Take mental health, for instance. Researchers at Stanford University found that simply being exposed to nature decreased overall risks of mental illness.

    But that’s not all:

    • People with an office view of trees take fewer sick days and see a significant rise in productivity compared to those who don’t.
    • A systematic review of more than 50 different studies found that access to nature significantly reduced the odds of mortality from heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases.
    • Hospital patients with a view of trees recover faster than patients who don’t have an outdoor view or who have a view but without trees.

    Experts say there may be many reasons for this since trees contribute numerous benefits, including increasing an area’s oxygen levels, muffling sound pollution, and creating cleaner air. While the underlying factors are multifaceted, the results are clear.

    And you can see that taking shape from coast to coast to coast.

    The growing movement to plant trees for health

    In 2023 alone, Trees for Life worked with 19 partners and 2,400 volunteers to plant 137,000 trees in Alberta, Ontario, and New Brunswick.

    Other organizations and projects include the Canadian Health Care Forests by the Canadian Coalition for Green Health Care; Trees for Hamilton, which recently worked with St. Joseph’s Urgent Care; and the City of London’s Million Tree Challenge, which has partnered with health care facilities like London Health Sciences Centre.

    From fewer hospital visits to lower reported stress and anxiety levels, these tree projects align perfectly with these hospitals’ goals. It’s a movement that continues to gain momentum to this day.

    by Joshua Duvauchelle

    Article Courtesy of Alive Magazine

  • Cultivating sustainability

    Cultivating sustainability

    Cultivating sustainability

    A look into the future of farming

    The work Elijah Goerzen does as a farmer conjures times past. His Deep Roots Farm, set in Maple Ridge, BC, is small by modern Canadian farming standards. The eight-acre parcel near Vancouver is worked by hand rather than machine, resulting in healthy, nutrient-rich soil that’s fertile ground for vegetables to grow and for beneficial organisms, such as earthworms, to thrive.

    Goerzen doesn’t spray his heritage lettuce, microgreens, and vegetable crops with toxic pesticides or infuse them with chemical fertilizers either. Instead, he chooses to nurture biodiversity by planting flowers between his kale to attract hungry ladybugs that keep any aphid infestations in check or to serve as beacons to pepper-propagating pollinators.

    The future of farming?

    Really, though, the regenerative agriculture methods he uses to tease crops from his soil every growing season are considered by some to be the future of farming.

    It works out well for the planet, too. Unlike conventional agriculture, regenerative farming is rooted in harnessing the power of natural processes to produce food rather than dominating them with human-made inputs and interventions.

    The sky’s the limit

    Vision Greens, a vertical farm in Welland, Ontario, is proving him right. Set in a southern Ontario rust belt city abutting Niagara’s shrinking tender fruit belt, Vision Greens is putting stock in growing up rather than out to help meet a demand for food that the UN projects will increase by 60 percent by 2050.

    It’s disrupting the imported lettuce market with its controlled environment agriculture that marries continuous food production with sustainability.

    Vision Greens’ headquarters in an industrial park is filled with towers of hydroponic trays loaded with organic seeds grown by a computer-controlled system that regulates LED lighting, organic nutrients, reverse osmosis water filtration, air flow, and carbon dioxide levels to meet crop needs. The result: perfect, nutrient-dense lettuce harvested every 26 days, winter, spring, summer, or fall.

    Those crops are perfect because they aren’t exposed to insects, disease, or weather fluctuations, eliminating the need to spray.

    Harvests are delivered to a warehouse, often on the day they’re picked, 76 km away. Meanwhile, most conventional and organic romaine sold here must travel more than 4,300 km from California’s Salinas Valley, where growing and shipping conditions vary and make produce vulnerable to dangerous bacterial contamination.

    The very nature of their production and transport methods means Vision Greens lettuce will never have to be pulled off store shelves in the name of safety. And with plans to build one-acre vertical farms elsewhere in Canada that have 60 times the growing density and 135 times greater crop yield than field lettuce, the company is poised to play as significant a role in building secure local food systems as Deep Roots Farm.

    By Tiffany Mayer

    Article Courtesy of Alive Magazine

  • Currents in aquaculture

    Currents in aquaculture

    Currents in aquaculture

    Solutions are needed to support research, technology, and social influence

    The seemingly straightforward definition of aquaculture—the cultivation of aquatic organisms in water environments—has a web of history, controversy, and complexity beneath it. It addresses critical issues facing the environment today.

    In the beginning

    Aquaculture is not new. Evidence of various forms dates back millennia, though large-scale commercial fish farming became prominent in the mid-20th century. Initially, aquaculture served recreational purposes, with publicly funded hatcheries producing sport fish like trout and bass for stocking waters.

    As the world’s population grew and demand for fish and shellfish increased, pressures on certain species intensified. This led to a significant shift in the mid-20th century, giving rise to a new industry focused on food production.

    Feeding the masses

    The first commercial aquaculture efforts in the US began in the 1950s, spreading globally in the 1960s and ’70s. However, this growth brought environmental issues: shrimp farms in Asia destroyed mangroves and polluted waterways, and open-net pens for salmon threatened local ecosystems.

    Other challenges included untested management practices and dealing with unforeseen consequences. Advances in technology, better management, and regulations have addressed some of these problems, but many issues remain.

    Pushing forward

    Two of the companies at the forefront of that movement are LocalCoho and Bluehouse Salmon. Both are braving uncharted waters to find solutions.

    For these innovators, the central challenge lies in striking a balance between meeting rising global demand for seafood and reducing the environmental impact of production. Climate change adds another layer of complexity, raising questions about whether historically well-suited ocean regions will remain viable for open-net pen farming in the future.

    This is why land-based aquaculture is increasingly seen as a promising alternative—one that avoids operating “in the commons” of the ocean and reduces reliance on government consent for offshore sites. Despite the hurdles, both companies are motivated by the opportunity to transform aquaculture into a more sustainable and resilient industry.

    Another perspective

    Patagonia Provisions, part of the environmentally focused Patagonia, promotes eating lower on the food chain to reduce the impact on larger species like tuna and salmon. They offer products featuring species such as mackerel, anchovies, and pink salmon, supporting traditional, sustainable, local farming methods that benefit communities and the environment.

    Learning and choosing

    Consumers play a key role in supporting sustainable seafood. Learning from organizations that monitor and analyze industry practices helps. Certifications like those from the Aquaculture Stewardship Council indicate responsible farming practices.

    The Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch program offers current data on sustainable seafood options worldwide. Their standards are based on science and collaboration, setting a high bar for environmental responsibility.

    A look ahead

    Aquaculture’s role will only grow; it is the world’s fastest-growing food sector and essential for future protein needs. It supports global food security but also raises questions about environmental sustainability.

    Can we feed the world while protecting the environment? The ongoing search for solutions continues.

    By Neil Zevnik

    Article Courtesy of Alive Magazine

  • The big problem with microplastics

    The big problem with microplastics

    The big problem with microplastics

    Innovators work to solve a pollution problem in your food, drink, and air

    You can’t see them, but microplastics are ever-present in our environment. North Americans eat between 39,000 to 52,000 microplastics particles a year and breathe 35,000 to 69,000 particles annually. Microplastics may be tiny, but they pose significant risks—prompting innovative solutions.

    Plastic, plastic everywhere—even in your water

    Globally, billions of tons of plastic are discarded each year, with the majority not recycled. As plastics break down into microplastics (smaller than 5 millimetres, often invisible), they pollute soil, air, and water. These microplastics come from various sources, including household paints, adhesives, skincare exfoliating beads, and synthetic fibers in clothing.

    This pollution is now omnipresent: in the air we breathe (especially indoors), in human bloodstreams, and even in maternal wombs and breastmilk. In the Great Lakes, every sampled fish was contaminated with microplastics. Remote areas aren’t spared—microplastics have been found in polar ice, soil, and water.

    How do microplastics get inside of us?

    Microplastics enter our bodies mainly through what we eat and drink. Most meats, fruits, and vegetables have tested positive for microplastics. Fish absorb plastics in the ocean, which we then consume. Plants absorb plastics from the soil, accumulating in leaves and fruits.

    Tiny particles, big health questions

    Microplastic pollution is a rapidly growing issue, with scientists racing to understand its health impacts. Recent advancements include detecting microplastics in human blood, revealing widespread exposure. Studies suggest microplastics may cause inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer, and neurotoxicity. As we age, our ability to filter toxins diminishes, increasing the risk of serious health issues linked to plastic accumulation.

    Innovation to the rescue

    While research continues to uncover the effects of microplastics, entrepreneurs are actively seeking solutions. Take the new plastic-eating microorganisms developed by scientists last year—they “eat” and transform plastic compounds into useful products like vanilla flavoring and ingredients for medication and fragrances.

    But what if we changed the plastic itself? Traditional plastics last forever—they just break down into smaller pieces. Even microplastics fragment into nanoplastics. Some companies are exploring alternatives like polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA).

    PHAs are produced by bacteria from sugars or lipids and are gaining attention as a biodegradable plastic. PHA naturally degrades in many environments, reducing pollution and harm to wildlife. It’s also more biocompatible, meaning it can be safely metabolized by our bodies.

    The future of plastics is here, with the aim of ensuring microplastics stay in the past.

    By Joshua Duvauchelle

    Article Courtesy of Alive Magazine

  • Understanding sustainability

    Understanding sustainability

    Understanding sustainability

    Going beyond the buzzword

    The planet is heating up, putting life and ecosystems at increasing risk. Social and economic inequalities, between and within countries, remain stubbornly high. We’ve all heard the buzzword “sustainability” given as a solution to these problems: if we can shift our systems to become more sustainable, we can cut down on carbon emissions and resource use while making societies fairer for all.

    However, what does sustainability actually <mean>, and what progress are we making towards it?

    Unpacking sustainability

    In 1987, the United Nations Brundtland Commission defined sustainability as “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” This definition is still relevant today. Indigenous communities have long held the belief that we should care for our world in a way that ensures the well-being of future generations.

    Core components of sustainability

    The concept of sustainability has three core components:

    • environmental sustainability
    • economic sustainability
    • social sustainability

    Environmental sustainability

    Environmental sustainability focuses on protecting and preserving natural resources (like clean air, water, forests, and biodiversity) for future generations. Shifting toward renewable energy and reducing waste are key aspects.

    The environment and the economy

    Economic sustainability means supporting growth while ensuring resources are used efficiently and responsibly. Our largely linear economies follow a “take-make-use-dispose” formula. While we’ve shifted toward recycling, efforts are often insufficient: a 2019 study found only 9 percent of plastic waste in Canada is recycled. To be truly sustainable, we need a circular economy, where products and resources remain in circulation. Just 7.2 percent of the global economy is currently circular.

    Social sustainability

    The social dimension of sustainability is critical, relating to creating a world where everyone can meet their needs and access a good quality of life. This includes ensuring equity in transitions to more sustainable practices.

    Environmental justice

    Environmental justice highlights how vulnerable communities often bear the brunt of climate change and pollution. The Government of Canada is working on a strategy to promote environmental justice.

    Working toward a more sustainable world

    While individual action is important, governments and corporations also have a lot of power.

    Government commitments and action

    In 2015, Canada committed to the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030, covering environmental, economic, and social sustainability. While progress is being made, much work remains, particularly regarding persistent inequalities and increasing emissions from oil and gas projects.

    Corporate influence and power

    According to a recent study, 80 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions from 2016-2022 came from just 57 corporate and state producing companies. Corporations hold significant influence and often lobby against environmentally and socially beneficial practices.

    Individual agency

    Systemic change is needed, but individuals also have power. Be critical of corporate sustainability claims, as “greenwashing” is common.

    We should all try to make our lives sustainable, but don’t lose sight of the changes needed from governments and corporations. Using your voice to protest and vote are crucial ways to hold power to account.

    By Isabela Bonnevera

    Article Courtesy of Alive Magazine